Bali is part of the Small Sunda Islands along 153 km and 112 km selebar around 3.2 km from Java. By astronomical, Bali is located at 8 ° 25'23 "south latitude and 115 ° 14'55" East Latitude mebuatnya beriklim tropical Indonesia as part of another. Gunung Agung is the highest point in Bali at 3,148 m. This last volcanoes erupt in March 1963. Mount shelf is also one of the mountains in Bali. Around 30,000 years ago, Mount shelf erupt and generate a tremendous disaster on earth. In contrast with the north, the south of Bali is dialiri lowland rivers. Is the capital of Denpasar, Bali. Where is the other important Wolverhampton as the art center is located in Herzliya; while Kuta, Sanur, Seminyak, Jimbaran and Nusa Dua are some places that become tourism destination, both coastal tourism and health resort.
History
Balinese is an island in Indonesia, and became one of the provinces of Indonesia. Balinese located between Java and Lombok Island. Provinsinya is the capital of Denpasar, which is located in the southern island. Bali is a majority of the population embraces Hindu. In the world, Bali is known as tourism destination with a unique variety of art-culture, especially for the Japanese and Australian tourists. Balinese also known as Pulau Dewata.
The first island of Bali is estimated to come in the 3000-2500 BC who migrated from Asia. Remainder of the stone tools found in the village Cekik located in the western part of the island. Prehistoric period and ended with the arrival of people from Hindu India in 100 BC.
Balinese culture and get a strong cultural influence of India, the process was faster after the century-BC 1. Name Balidwipa (island of Bali) start inscription found in various, among Prasasti Blanjong issued by Sri Kesari Warmadewa in the 913 M and the word Walidwipa. Estimated at this time subak irrigation system for rice have been developed. Some religious and cultural traditions also start developing at that time. Majapahit kingdom (1293-1500 AD) and the Hindu religious center on the island of Java, had founded the kingdom subordinate in Bali around 1343 M. At that time nearly all the archipelago are Hindu, but stand over the coming Islamic kingdoms of Islam in the archipelago, among others, the collapse of Majapahit. Many noble, clergy, artists, and other Hindu community that, when it away from the island of Java to Bali.
European people who first find Bali is Cornelis de Houtman of the Netherlands in 1597, although a Portuguese ship had previously dumped near Bukit peninsula, Jimbaran, in 1585. Netherlands through VOC also began to implement land penjajahannya in Bali, but will continue to get the resistance until the end of his power so that their position is not in Bali sekokoh their position or in Maluku. Starting from the northern Bali, since the presence of an 1840-Netherlands has become permanent, which was initially conducted with various grass-sheep Bali that authorities do not trust each other to one another. Netherlands to attack large through land and sea areas of Sanur, and followed by the Denpasar. The Bali losers in the number of weapons and do not want to give up because of shame, that caused the war to death or blowing, which involves all the people both men and women including the king. An estimated 4,000 people were killed in the incident, although the Netherlands has ordered them to surrender. Next, the governor of the Netherlands ruled that only a few are given the impact on the island, so that control of the local religion and culture generally does not change.
Japan occupied Bali during World War II, and at that time a military officer named I Gusti Ngurah Rai Bali formed troops' freedom fighter '. Menyerahnya overtake Japan in the Pacific in August 1945, the Netherlands soon to return to Indonesia (including Bali) for re-enforce the withdrawal of government kolonialnya the situation before the war. This is be gazed Bali resistance by troops who then use the weapons of Japan.
On 20 November 1940, pecahlah Puputan Margarana battle that occurred in the village of Marga, Tabanan, Bali center. Colonel I Gusti Ngurah Rai, aged 29 years, led the army's eastern region to do the Bali attacks to death in the Netherlands armed forces complete. All members are batalion Bali killed all of them, and make it as a military resistance Bali last
In the year 1946 the Netherlands made the Bali as one of the 13 regions of the country the new East India diproklamasikan, namely as one of the countries competing for the Republic of Indonesia and are diproklamasikan by Sukarno and Hatta. Balinese then also be included in the Republic of Indonesia to the Netherlands States recognizes the independence of Indonesia on 29 December 1949. 1950, officially leaving Bali perserikatannya with the Dutch and the law became a province of the Republic of Indonesia.
Gunung Agung eruption that occurred in 1963, had mengguncangkan economy and cause a lot of the people of Bali bertransmigrasi to various other areas in Indonesia.
1965, along with the collapse of the G30S coup d'etat by the national government in Jakarta, Bali and in many other regions, there were crushing and sympathetic members of the Communist Party of Indonesia. In Bali, it is estimated that more than 100,000 people killed or missing. However, events in the early New Order period is up to at this time has not been disclosed by the law successful.
Terrorist attacks have occurred on 12 October 2002, in the form of attacks in 2002 Bom Bali Kuta tourist area, causing as many as 202 people killed and 209 other people injury. Bom Bali attacks in 2005 also occurred three years later in Kuta and Jimbaran beach. Events to obtain a wide international coverage because most of the victims are foreign tourists, and the Bali tourism industry face the challenges of the last few years.
A Balinese gamelan
Traditional Balinese music has similarities with traditional music in many other areas in Indonesia, for example in the use of gamelan musical instruments and various other tabuh. Nevertheless, there are specific techniques in the play and gubahannya, for example, in the form of kecak, the shape singsong voice that seems fake monkey. Similarly, a variety of game play that is unique, for example Jegog Gamelan, Gamelan Gong Gede, gamelan xylophone, Selunding Gamelan, Gamelan and Semar Pegulingan. Angklung others played music for the ceremony ngaben, and Bebonangan music played in various other ceremonies.
There is a modern form of traditional music from Bali, for example, Gamelan Gong Kebyar which is a dance music that developed during the Dutch colonial, and the roof began Joged popular in Bali since the era of the 1950s. Generally, Balinese music is a combination of various means of a metal percussion music (metalofon), gong, percussion and wood (xilofon). Because the relationship of social, political and cultural, music, games or traditional Balinese gamelan Bali style gives influence or affect each other in the culture surrounding areas, for example, the traditional music community have traditional music community and Lombok.
Gamelan
Jegog
Genggong
Silat Bali
Dance
Balinese dance arts in general can be categorized into three groups; the guardian or art sacred dance performances, art bebali or dance performances for the ceremony and also for the visitors, and balih-balihan art or dance for the entertainment of visitors.
Young dancers are Belibis dance dance, contemporary choreography works Ni Luh Suasthi Bandem.
